In the 'Start Coding' section, there are nine major learning goals. Each goal includes several implementation challenges designed from the player's perspective. Players must use the concepts learned in each unit to control the game character and complete specific objectives—such as 'collect a gem' or 'toggle a switch'—in order to pass the level.
Before beginning any challenge, each 'introduction' provides a visual, real-world, and beginner-friendly example to help users understand the concept and how to use it. While the activity resembles a game, there is no single correct solution. There are many ways to achieve the goal, and the system encourages players to experiment with different approaches.
Commands
(1) Introduction
(2) Issuing Commands
1moveForward()
2moveForward()
3moveForward()
4collectGem()(3) Toggling a Switch
1moveForward()
2moveForward()
3turnLeft()
4moveForward()
5collectGem()
6moveForward()
7turnLeft()
8moveForward()
9moveForward()
10toggleSwitch()(4) Finding and Fixing Errors
1moveForward()
2moveForward()
3turnLeft()
4moveForward()
5collectGem()
6moveForward()
7toggleSwitch()For Loops
(1) Introduction
(2) Using Loops
1for i in 1 ...5 {
2 moveForward()
3 moveForward()
4 collectGem()
5 moveForward()
6 }(3) One Side of the Loop
1for i in 1 ... 4 {
2 moveForward()
3 collectGem()
4 moveForward()
5 moveForward()
6 moveForward()
7 turnRight()
8}Conditionals
(1) Introduction
(2) Checking a Switch
1moveForward()
2moveForward()
3 if isOnClosedSwitch{
4 toggleSwitch()
5 }
6 moveForward()
7if isOnClosedSwitch{
8 toggleSwitch()
9}
10moveForward()
11if isOnClosedSwitch{
12 toggleSwitch()
13} (3) Using else if
1moveForward()
2if isOnGem{
3 collectGem()
4} else if isOnClosedSwitch{
5 toggleSwitch()
6}
7moveForward()
8if isOnGem{
9 collectGem()
10} else if isOnClosedSwitch{
11 toggleSwitch()
12}(4) Move Upward When Conditions Are Met
1for i in 1 ... 3 {
2 if isOnGem {
3 collectGem()
4 } else {
5 moveForward()
6 }
7}
8turnLeft()
9for i in 1 ... 5 {
10 if isOnGem {
11 collectGem()
12 } else {
13 moveForward()
14 }
15}
16turnLeft()
17for i in 1 ... 3 {
18 if isOnGem {
19 collectGem()
20 } else {
21 moveForward()
22 }
23}
24turnLeft()
25for i in 1 ... 5 {
26 if isOnGem {
27 collectGem()
28 } else {
29 moveForward()
30 }
31}Logical Operators
(1) Introduction
(2) Using the NOT Operator
The first time I solved this puzzle, I didn't use the NOT operator as the task suggested. Instead, I used other methods to achieve the same result. The system is smart enough to detect whether you've used the intended learning method. If you use a different one, it will respond: 'Congratulations! You found a creative solution!'
1for i in 1 ... 4 {
2 moveForward()
3 if isOnGem {
4 collectGem()
5 }else {
6 turnLeft()
7 moveForward()
8 moveForward()
9 collectGem()
10 turnLeft()
11 turnLeft()
12 moveForward()
13 moveForward()
14 turnLeft()
15}
The image above shows the second solution: 'If you're not on a gem, do this instead.'
1for i in 1 ... 4 {
2 moveForward()
3 if !isOnGem {
4 turnLeft()
5 moveForward()
6 moveForward()
7 collectGem()
8 turnLeft()
9 turnLeft()
10 moveForward()
11 moveForward()
12 turnLeft()
13 }
14 else {
15 collectGem()
16 }
17}Variables
(1) Introduction
Variables are used to store information.
1var name = "Mia"
2var age = 19To create a new variable, use the keyword `var`, followed by a new variable name and a value. Once created, the type of data the variable holds will never change.
The assignment operator (=) sets the value of a variable.
`name` stores a String (text within quotation marks).
`age` stores an Int (an integer or whole number).
(2) Keeping Track
1var gemCounter = 0
2moveForward()
3moveForward()
4collectGem()
5gemCounter = +1(3) Increasing a Value
1var gemCounter = 0
2moveForward()
3for i in 1 ... 7 {
4 if isOnGem {
5 collectGem()
6 gemCounter = +1
7 moveForward()
8 }else {
9 moveForward()
10 }
11}
12turnRight()
13for i in 1 ... 2 {
14 if isOnGem {
15 collectGem()
16 gemCounter = +1
17 moveForward()
18 }else {
19 moveForward()
20 }
21}
22turnRight()
23for i in 1 ... 7 {
24 if isOnGem {
25 collectGem()
26 gemCounter = +1
27 moveForward()
28 }else {
29 moveForward()
30 }
31}Types
(1) Introduction
A type is like a blueprint of a house—it defines the characteristics and behaviors. Within a type, functionalities are called 'properties' (variables defined inside the type), and actions are called 'methods' (functions defined inside the type).
(2) Deactivating a Portal
1greenPortal.isActive = true
2
3moveForward()
4moveForward()
5while greenPortal.isActive {
6 greenPortal.isActive = false
7 moveForward()
8}
9for i in 1 ... 3 {
10 turnRight()
11 moveForward()
12 moveForward()
13 moveForward()
14 toggleSwitch()
15 turnRight()
16 turnRight()
17 moveForward()
18 moveForward()
19 moveForward()
20}(3) Setting the Correct Portal
1moveForward()
2
3for i in 1 ... 6 {
4 moveForward()
5 if isOnGem {
6 collectGem()
7 }else {
8 while isBlocked {
9 turnRight()
10 turnRight()
11 while bluePortal.isActive {
12 bluePortal.isActive = false
13 }
14 }
15 }
16}
17bluePortal.isActive = true
18moveForward()
19moveForward()
20for i in 1 ... 2 {
21 moveForward()
22 if isOnGem {
23 collectGem()
24 }else {
25 while isBlocked {
26 turnRight()
27 turnRight()
28 moveForward()
29 }
30 }
31 }
32bluePortal.isActive = false
33moveForward()
34turnRight()
35turnRight()
36pinkPortal.isActive = false
37moveForward()
38moveForward()
39collectGem()Initialization
(1) Introduction
The portal is of type `Portal`, and our character is of type `Character`. Now we can control a new type called `Expert`, which has a new method (action) called `turnLockUp()`.
(2) Initialize Your Expert
1let expert = Expert()
2for i in 1 ... 3 {
3 expert.moveForward()
4}
5expert.turnLockUp()
6while expert.isBlocked {
7 expert.turnRight()
8 expert.turnRight()
9 expert.moveForward()
10 expert.moveForward()
11 expert.moveForward()
12}
13expert.turnLeft()
14for i in 1 ... 3 {
15 expert.moveForward()
16 expert.moveForward()
17 expert.moveForward()
18 expert.moveForward()
19 expert.collectGem()
20 while expert.isBlocked {
21 expert.turnRight()
22 expert.turnRight()
23 expert.moveForward()
24 expert.moveForward()
25 expert.moveForward()
26 }
27 expert.turnLeft()
28}Functions
(1) Introduction
(2) Collect, Toggle, Repeat
1func doIt(){
2 collectGem()
3 moveForward()
4 toggleSwitch()
5 }
6 moveForward()
7 doIt()
8 moveForward()
9 turnLeft()
10 moveForward()
11 doIt()
12 moveForward()
13 moveForward()
14 turnLeft()
15 moveForward()
16 doIt()
17 moveForward()
18 turnLeft()
19 moveForward()
20 doIt()Parameters
(1) Introduction
Parameters = options you can define. A function can include multiple parameters.
(2) Keep Moving Forward
1let expert = Expert()
2 func move(distance: Int){
3 for i in 1 ... distance{
4 expert.moveForward()
5 }
6 }
7 expert.move(distance:6)
8expert.turnRight()
9expert.move(distance:2)
10expert.turnRight()
11for i in 1 ... 2 {
12 expert.move(distance:5)
13 expert.turnLeft()
14}
15expert.turnLockUp()
16expert.turnLeft()
17for i in 1 ... 2 {
18
19 expert.move(distance:3)
20 expert.turnRight()
21}
22expert.move(distance:4)
23expert.collectGem()(3) Placing at Specific Positions
1let expert = Expert()
2world.place(expert, atColumn: 1, row: 1)
3expert.collectGem()
4world.place(expert, atColumn: 6, row: 1)
5expert.collectGem()
6world.place(expert, atColumn: 1, row: 6)
7expert.collectGem()